GNOSEOLOGICAL AND AXIOLOGICAL UNDERSTANDING OF PEDAGOGICAL WORKERS' LEGAL CULTURE IN PROFESSIONAL (VOCATIONAL) EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

The article deals with the epistemological and axiological essence of the legal culture of pedagogical workers of professional (vocational) education (P(V)E) institutions. The concept of culture as a way and result of human activity is revealed. The attention is paid to epistemological understanding of culture, philosophical approaches to the definition of legal culture, issues of a modern teacher's legal culture development etc. The normative consolidation of culture in the legislation of Ukraine is highlighted. It is established that culture is a social determinant: material achievements, spiritual and social values of a man/society while being; social rules and traditions expressed in the individuals' and society's behaviour; human characteristics in the context of good and evil social perception paradigm. The focus is on the P(V)E institutions teaching staff's legal culture as an important element of the system on establishing the rule of law in all spheres of public life, freedom, implementation of various spheres and of implementation forms for the national social and legal reform. The epistemological and axiological component of the legal culture is revealed. The broad and narrow decennial sense interpretation of legal culture is established. The attention is paid to determining the goal on pedagogical workers' legal culture forming as a system of legal knowledge and skills in combination with the personal and value component of vocational and pedagogical activities. It has been established that the epistemological and axiological essence of legal culture is considered as the legal consciousness of P(V)E institutions pedagogical workers. That is manifested through their attitude to personal interests, social values and norms of law.

Introduction. Development of P(V)E institutions pedagogical workers' legal culture under current conditions becomes an integral part of their professional activity content, forms and methods. According to the results of conducted surveys among P(V)E institutions teachers, the share of legal nihilism in the pedagogical sphere is quite high and constitutes 63%. Teachers do not have enough knowledge of educational legislation, as well as labour, civil, administrative and criminal law. After all, in many situations of the specified spheres they should take into account the right for written dispositive and imperative norms while their vocational and pedagogical activities. It is about the educators' use of legal norms while shaping the personality of future specialists by demonstrating their own value orientations, legal culture and life experience. In this context, the legal experience of a teacher covers his/ her legal consciousness, behaviour and activities.
From the point of view of pluralism, it is important to consider the legal culture of the P(V)E institutions teaching staff in the epistemological and axiological context. Indeed, such a context of understanding the legal culture is directly related to the spheres of human

INSTITUTE OF VOCATIONAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING OF NAES OF UKRAINE
life where it is applied. At the same time, in each case there are differences in the understanding its components content due to the specifics of social roles.
Epistemological feature of the legal culture is its temporal boundaries, that is, the legal culture may belong in a certain epic, and may go beyond its limits; such a transition in the time frame is an ideal culture. Given the axiological understanding of legal culture, it is disclosed through legal values as certain social and legal phenomena, means and mechanisms of functioning.
Materials. The theoretical foundations of the study of gonoseologi -axiological understanding of P(V)E institutions pedagogical workers' legal culture are the works of domestic and foreign scholars on the following issues: philosophy of culture (P. Gurevich, A. Mogylny, M. Kagan, etc.), philosophy of law Golovchenko, O. Skakun, S. Stanik, etc.), philosophy of education (V. Andrushchenko, V. Kremen, V. Lutai, V. Ognevyuk, etc.).
Philosophical approaches to the definition of the legal culture were substantiated by I. Nadolny According to M. Gorodinsky (1999, p. 36), legal culture as a system of value orientations becomes the part of a person's general culture. To the content of legal culture, the scientist refers to the basic knowledge, new skills, emotional and value attitude to the facts, events and phenomena.
The axiological understanding of the legal culture is the guarantee of human rights and freedoms by the state. The inviolability of its life, health, honour and dignity are recognized as the highest social value (Official Bulletin of Ukraine, 2010, p.15).
A more profound understanding of the legal culture in the legal sense is formulated by O. Skakun (2005, p.743-745), revealing its structure, the scientist distinguishes four of its components: 1) legal consciousness; 2) legal behaviour and legal activity of citizens; 3) legal activity (legal practice). It includes: a) law-making activities and the state of law; b) judicial, law enforcement and other law-enforcement activities: 4) the state of law and order.
Focusing on the interpretation of legal culture in the legal sense is important to review the scientific approaches M. Sokolov (2004, p.389). He argues that it is unreasonable to consider the attribution of illegal behaviour (activities) to the elements of legal culture. Legal culture takes place when there is a systematic reproduction of the unity of legal knowledge, beliefs, values and practical activities with their implementation in the norm of behaviour, which became the general rule. That is why the deviation in behaviour from the requirements of law cannot be recognized as the content of legal culture. A. Oliynyk (2002, c.121) argues that the legal culture is "deep knowledge and understanding of law, the thorough fulfilment of its requirements as a conscious necessity and internal conviction." One must admit that not only rights but also human duties are an essential component of the legal culture of a person (Demin, 2006, p. 40).
Supplementing the definitive interpretation of scientists. S. Maksimov (2007, p.11) believes that legal culture can be regarded as a certain semantic unity, which consists of legal concepts, sources of law, legal methodology and legal argumentation, legitimisation of law. In turn, O. Demin (2005, p.74) argues that: "... in domestic law though the actual process of studying the problems of legal culture was actualized, but the latter works are of a narrowly applied nature, mainly connected with professional aspects of the legal category itself ".
A more generalized understanding of legal culture is presented by N. Godun (2015, p.14), as due to all social, spiritual, political and economic development, a qualitative state of the legal life of society, expressed in the level of legal activity, legal laws, legal awareness, legal development the subject (a person, different groups, the whole population) development, as well as the degree of guarantee by the state and civil society of human rights and freedoms.
The research aim is to substantiate the epistemological and axiological foundations of understanding the P(V)E institutions pedagogical workers' legal culture.
Methods: theoretical: theoretical analysis, study of scientific literature, legislation -to find out the state of problem development and to determine the directions of scientific research; comparison -in order to study various scientific approaches to problem solving; analysis and synthesis -to substantiate the epistemological and axiological foundations of understanding the legal culture.
Results and discussions. The study of the epistemological and axiological nature of the legal culture is based on scientific approaches to the definition of the definition of "culture".
The important understanding of culture origin is the comprehension of its original source, namely, its epistemology. From the first person, the idea of mancenteredness began to emerge. Subsequently, the concept "I am the universe and the universe in the middle of me" developed.
The development of culture took place in the light of general postulates: language as a system of signs for the preservation, transformation and transmission of information; values; norms as an example of behaviour; knowledge and beliefs that reflect the natural and social nature of reality (Verbec, Sabbath and Christyuk 2009, p.241-242).
Let us turn to the epistemological component of culture. Thus, the notion "culture" has long been interpreted as the purposeful influence of man on nature (cultivation of land), as well as the education and training of the person himself (Dimokhkina, 2012, p.140. That manifests the desire of a man for comprehensive control and influence on both natural and human factors. Based on this, V. Voropaev (2013, p.253) argues that culture reflects a certain historical level of development of society and a man. It is revealed in the types and forms of organization of people life and activity, as well as in the material and spiritual values created by them.
L. Petruchak (2009, p.32), believes that the very concept of "culture" is an "axiological phenomenon", which involves "a deep awareness of the person and society in cultural and historical values," combining the numerous properties of culture around the notion of "value". That is defined from the inside, from the depths of an individual and social life. It is called the culture of the people and society.
Let us pay attention to the unification, categories of culture reflecting its properties. In the first case, the culture must understand all that was created by humanity in the process of its practical and spiritual activity; in the second -culture reflects the development of social abilities and qualities of people, the level and nature of mastering the best qualities on the basis of all social and personal experience (Salnikov, 1980, p.6). By combining these definitions, V. Borodin (1989, p.14), formed four groups of understanding of the social role, nature and content of culture. The first group is made up of definitions in which the culture is considered as a collection of organic for its substantive characteristics. The second group of definitions concentrates on the properties of culture to produce, distribute and use spiritual values (in this group the main factor is the social activity of man). The third, conventionally called technological, group of definitions explains culture as a system of methods and means, techniques, procedures and norms of human activity. The fourth group focuses on sociohistorical experience.
The top of public acceptance of culture and its scientific understanding is the normative setting in the law or any legislation document. It is recognized at the state and territorial level. In the Law of Ukraine "On Culture" (2011) this definition is defined as -a set of material and spiritual assets of a particular human community (ethnos, nation), accumulated, enshrined and enriched over a long period, passed from generation to generation, includes all kinds of art, cultural heritage, cultural values, science, education and reflects the level of development of this community. Given this definition, it can be argued that it is universal and not person-specific. That is a look at the culture in its original holistic-anthropomorphic sense.
Note that, in accordance with Clause 4, Article 1 of this Law (2011), the activities in the field of culture include creative, economic, scientific, library, information, museum, educational, culturalentertainment and entertaining activities, are defined. Thus, the legislator identified all the spectra of possible use of culture in the state and indicated that culture is aimed at satisfying the citizens' cultural needs. On the basis of this, one can understand that culture occupies an important place in the formation of a personality as a citizen and a professional in all its possible manifestations. Given that disciplinary, civil, administrative and criminal liability it is foreseen for breach cultural legislation where the understanding of its importance is. Thus, culture is a social determinant: material achievements, spiritual and social values of man / society in the process of being; social rules and traditions expressed in the behaviour of individuals and society; human characteristics in the context of the good and evil social perception paradigm. The culture also understands the level of education, and the education of a person, and the level of mastering a certain branch of knowledge or activity (culture of production, culture of labour, language culture, legal, moral, aesthetic culture, culture of life, etc.) (Radkevych, 2010, p.108).
The important role in the professional activity of P(V)E institutions teaching staff is legal culture. Legal culture is an important part of the process on establishing the rule of law in all spheres of social life, freedom, implementation of various spheres and forms, and the implementation of a correct national socio-legal reform. Sustainable development of public perception and understanding the legal culture. It is an efficient mechanism for its observance functions and is the main, effective condition for the formation of democratic principles. Note that, according to the main principle of democracy, "power is in the people", legal culture in society should be based on legal experience, intellectual development, ideological and value system, legal world outlook and modern ideas of legal culture.
Legal culture has a strong epistemological (cognitive) basis, since it is intended to reveal the laws of legal knowledge. Under these conditions, epistemology of law appears as a connecting chain between a certain legal theory, its method and the fundamental philosophical and ontological principles on which they are based (Kozlovsky, 2005, p. 32).
Note that understanding the essence of the concept of legal culture is revealed within the axiological approach. So, O. Demin (2007, p.12-13) notes that legal culture is a multi-valued characteristic of one of the most important aspects of society's life, an integral part of its general culture with legal values and norms in the legal sphere of public life.
Axiological foundations of legal culture are represented by their own values of law in the practical life of people (guarantee of rights, freedoms, equality, justice); fundamental, natural human rights, basic democratic legal principles; special legal means and mechanisms (legal instruments) that provide the value of the right; institutions that express the optimum balance of normative and individual regulation, etc. (Polisuk, 2013, p.75-81).
The legal culture can be considered both broadly and narrowly. In the broad sense, the notion of legal culture can be understood: first, as a value, where the legal culture reflects the value-legal, ideological and legal state of society at a certain historical stage. It characterises the level of legal consciousness, understanding of law and respect for the law. There are several indicators of legal culture level. They are the level of legal opinions development, the guarantee of rights, the law enforcement activities level and the legal education and upbringing level. Secondly, this is a competent approach where the mandatory condition is the rejection of traditional normative guidance in favor of a value-based approach to law, from legal dogmatism to legal mechanisms active development and means of action. These requirements derive, first of all, from the practical value of legal knowledge for a citizen (Romanova, 2008, p.32).
In the narrow sense, the legal culture can be defined as a system of legal concepts and views, knowledge and expectations, skills and behavioural practices, legal values and social norms, evaluative judgments of social actors regarding the state of legal reality. They are socialised and entering the network socially -legal relations via that reality. They reveal civil-law activity, carry out the lawful conduct ensured by the legal coordination of personal (or group) and public interests (Ogarenko, 2013, c.13). The purpose of P(V)E institutions pedagogical workers' legal culture is: firstly, purposeful mastering of legal knowledge; and secondly, the formation of emotional and value relation to legal values, moral norms, principles, ideals; thirdly, the formation of legal norms and principles of personal behaviour. The content of socio-cultural orientation includes social tolerance and cultural cooperation, stipulating legal activity and legitimate behaviour; fourth, the development of the ability to independently apply value knowledge, beliefs and principles in professional activities (Rem, 2012, p.70).
The content of P(V)E institutions pedagogical workers' legal culture development should also include the system of legal knowledge and skills in combination with the personal and value component of vocational and pedagogical activities, as well as knowledge of the principles of legal regulation of information in modern information and telecommunication networks, the Internet (Radkevych, 2012, p.436 -443). Note that when a person acquires a body of legal knowledge in a person, a categorical apparatus is made. It regulates both the actions of the person and people. That in turn serves as a dynamic factor for common legal culture development. P(V)E institutions teachers should be aware of the issues of jurisdictional and non-jurisdictional copyright and related rights protection for educational and methodological products created in the process of their vocational and pedagogical activities. Consequently, the pedagogical staff is expedient to improve knowledge and skills for copyright and related rights protecting by: right and void act recognition, offending right termination, restorating the situation existed prior to the violation, forced execution of the obligation in kind, legal relationship change, relationship termination, compensation, etc. (Radkevych, 2015, p.4).
In view of the above, the epistemological and axiological essence of legal culture is considered as the P(V)E institutions pedagogical workers' legal consciousness. It is manifested through their relation to personal interests, social values and norms of law. The special place is occupied by rights and freedoms determined by the state, when clear distinction is made between prohibited and non-prohibited types of vocational and pedagogical activities.
Conclusions. Consequently, the epistemological and axiological understanding of P(V)E institutions pedagogical workers' legal culture the legal culture is based on certain cultures as social determinants for the people/society material achievements, spiritual and social values function in the process of being; social rules and traditions expressed in the individuals' and society's behaviour; human characteristics in the context of the good and bad social perception paradigm.
Therefore, legal culture is considered as a system of legal values reflecting the state of individual freedom, social values, legal knowledge and skills in combination with the personal and value component of vocational and pedagogical activity, the legal awareness of P(V)E institutions teaching staff. It is revealed through their relation to personal interests, social values and norms of law. The content of legal culture development should include social norms, tolerance, cultural cooperation and pedagogical interaction, lawful behaviour, legal knowledge, skills and principles use in vocational and pedagogical activities.
To this end, in further developments, the overview of the scientific approaches to P(V)E institutions teaching personnel's legal culture development should be conducted to improve the quality of their professional and pedagogical activities.