THE MODEL OF DEVELOPING LEGAL CULTURE OF FUTURE QUALIFIED MARINE WORKERS

Relevance : the purposeful formation of the legal culture of future qualified workers of the maritime industry, modeling this process for a more detailed study of the structural and functional features of the phenomenon is determined by the tasks of improving the quality of the professional training of maritime transport workers. Аim : the article substantiates the structural and functional model of the process of the purposeful formation of the legal culture of future qualified workers in the institutions of professional (vocational and technical) education of the maritime profile. Methods : the study required a number of methods such as analysis, synthesis, generalization, systematization, research of past experience, questionnaire and expert assessment. Results . The model of the process of the purposeful formation of legal culture consists of the generalized components which can be separately considered as subsystems that become integrated from separate components. The interrelation of the system components and the integrity of the process of formation of the legal culture of future qualified maritime workers is based on the principles, ideas and trends aimed at ensuring the integrity of the generalized components. The methodological-targeted, subjective, substantive-technological and diagnostic and effective component of the suggested idealized formation have been highlighted and characterized. The logical sequence of achieving the goals and objectives of the professional and legal training of the future maritime workers has been written out. The implementation of the aim and tasks of formation of the levels of legal culture of future qualified maritime workers is being carried out in three consecutive stages: diagnostic, activity-technological and reflexive-correctional. Conclusions : the suggested model is an ideal representation of the process of formation of the legal culture of future qualified maritime workers. It provides the consistent implementation of the stages of pedagogical interaction, and provides the achievement of activity levels of formation of the studied phenomenon in case of applying the methodological principles (approaches, principles, conditions) using the proposed methodological tools.


Introduction.
In recent years, commercial navigation has undergone significant changes: new generation vessels require crew reductions, at the same time, however, the operation of high-tech equipment has become more complicated for the maritime workers. Ukrainian sailors (about 80 thousand people) work in fishing, passenger, cargo-passenger, cargo and other foreign vessels because of the underdeveloped domestic merchant fleet. Ukrainian maritime diplomas and qualifications are recognized by world maritime societies, that is why Ukraine is included in the "Top Ten Provider Countries and Command Crews of Commercial Ships" (Chernenko, 2016, pp. 92). Nevertheless, according to the data from maritime employment agencies, this sector of the labor market is quite tense: due to the lack of training, Ukrainian maritime workers who work for the foreign shipowners are often signed offshore during the voyage.

INSTITUTE OF VOCATIONAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING OF NAES OF UKRAINE
Naturally, in order to improve the quality of the professional training of maritime transport workers, it is necessary not only to form professional knowledge, skills and personal qualities, but also to productively organize the process of legal training and education, purposefully to develop the legal consciousness of students, their ability to use legal knowledge to achieve professional results. It is the effective vocational training of future qualified maritime workers that should become an integral part of the educational process in maritime vocational training institutions, as well as the necessary component of the professional development of the personality.
Considering these positions, the purposeful formation of the legal culture of future qualified workers of the maritime industry, modeling of this process for a more detailed study of the structural and functional characteristics of this phenomenon has currently become an urgent scientific problem.
The article aim is the substantiation and construction of the structural model of the process of purposeful formation of the legal culture of future qualified workers in professional (vocational and technical) education institutions of marine profile.
Methods. The study used the following methods: analysis of scientific papers on the issue to identify the state of the problem in the pedagogical theory and practice; synthesis, abstraction, systematization, generalization for the substantiation and construction of the structural model of the process of purposeful formation of the legal culture of future qualified workers in the professional (vocational and technical) education institutions of marine profile.
Materials. The results of the analysis of the available scientific works show that the problem of the formation of the legal culture of the individual has always been the scientific research object among philosophers, teachers, psychologists. In particular, many scientific works are devoted to the determination, structure, factors of formation of the professional culture of future specialists in various professional fields, such as the works of G. Ball, M.Boyko, A. Instead, it should be noted that the problem of the formation of the legal culture of future qualified maritime workers (sailors and ship motorists (machinists), ship electricians etc.) in the professional (vocational and technical) education institutions of the marine profile has not yet been the subject of the specific study.
Results and discussion. Scientists are convinced that objectively characterizing a particular pedagogical phenomenon (object, process) is completely impossible, it is only possible to try to understand the essence of the phenomenon, without considering the received ideas to be satisfying. This happens due to the fact that the dynamic and complex pedagogical processes, objects and phenomena are constantly changing. The only opportunity to deeply study the pedagogical phenomenon is to formalize it in a way that would allow us to trace the main features and characteristics of this phenomenon. This can be done using the pedagogical modeling.
First of all, we should point out that a model (fr. modele -a sample) is an imaginary or materially implemented system that displays or reproduces an object of study (natural or social one) and is able to replace it with a simpler prototype so that its study gives new information about this object (Mikheev, 2006). As E. Lodatko notes, that the research of the objects in the modeling process enables to obtain information about the properties of the object in a simplified way; to transfer information and knowledge about the object to other information consumers; to use of information received to manage objects and processes; to predict and diagnose the behavior of an object within its range of existence (Lodatko, 2010, pp. 10).
In view of the above, the study provides an ideal representation of the process of the formation of the legal culture of future qualified maritime workers which reflects the logic of our scientific search and is a means of solving the current scientific problem. In addition, we consider the prototype of the real process of professional and legal training of the maritime workers as a mechanism for ensuring effective conditions of the development of the pedagogical system (integrity, communication, structuredness, multiple level composition etc.).
The model of the process of the purposeful formation of the legal culture consists of the generalized components which can be separately considered as subsystems that become integrated from separate components. The interrelation of the system compo-nents and the integrity of the process of formation of the legal culture of future qualified maritime workers is based on the principles, ideas and trends aimed at ensuring the integrity of the generalized components.
The structure of the suggested model of the formation legal culture of future qualified maritime workers consists of the methodological-targeted, subjective, substantive-technological and diagnostic and effective components (pic.1). Let us briefly characterize these structural components of the model.
First of all, the methodological-targeted component includes the purpose of the process under study, i.e. to ensure the purposeful formation of the sufficient levels of the legal culture of future qualified maritime workers of the maritime industry. The achievement of the given aim is ensured by solving a number of tasks: accumulation of a fund of legal knowledge in general and the international maritime law in particular; formation of the legal values and beliefs; development of motivation to master the legislative acts; raising the insistence of high standards in observance of legal norms (including international legal ones), especially when working in a multicultural team; formation of the ability to solve professional legal problems; enhancing the social and legal activity of future qualified maritime workers; formation of legal responsibility of students for their own actions; development of legal education, socially meaningful and practical activity of students to show the legal activity in studying, preservation of knowledge and ways of solving problems by means of law.
While determining them we aimed at the fact that future sailors of the ship, court motorists, ship electricians and others should have the high level of the professional and legal training to work in both national and foreign shipping companies.
In addition, the given formulation of the aims and objectives of the formation of the legal culture of future maritime workers is made in accordance with the provisions of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine Decree No. 1108 of December 18, 2018 "On Amendments to the Maritime Doctrine of Ukraine for the Period up to 2035", particularly: "Implementation of International Legal standards require a well-structured system for ensuring the safety of navigation and the protection of ships and port facilities ... To improve the efficiency of this structure, it is necessary to improve the existing legal and regulatory framework by removing the controversies in the legislation." The updated Maritime Doctrine envisages preserving the human resources of Ukrainian maritime workers "by duly fulfilling the requirements of the International Convention on the Training and Certification of Seafarers and Watchkeeping, the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification of Fishing Vessels and Watchkeeping of 1995, bringing national standards relating to knowledge and specialties on which the preparation of the applicants ... of education is performed, in accordance with the above conventions." (Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. Legislation of Ukraine, 2018). The aim and objectives of the simulated process are determined by the social order for professionally competent qualified maritime workers with the sufficient levels of legal culture formation. At the same time with achieving the aims planned, the legal culture as an integrative characteristic feature of the individual should also fulfill the following basic functions: legal-regulatory function of the legal culture aims at ensuring the stable functioning of all elements of the legal system. Due to their values, norms, principles, traditions and behavior samples, the legal culture can consolidate different social groups, including the ship crews, concentrate their efforts on the formation of legal activity. The legal-regulatory function enables the subordination of the crew members' life to certain rules, the realization of their needs, interests, social aspirations and beliefs, reciprocity of rights and obligations in legal relations; -value-normative function of the legal culture is demonstrated in phenomena and facts that become valuable when reflected in people's minds and actions. On this basis, legal norms and other components of the legal culture are becoming the objects of assessment. When the students encounter a new value of the legal culture, they can assess them from the standpoints of the values which have already been developed, approving some elements of legal reality and rejecting others; legal socializing function of the legal culture is manifested in the formation of the legal personal qualities of the future qualified maritime worker. The legal reality has a great impact on this process. Moreover, the purposeful legal education activities in professional (vocational and technical) educational institutions, measures to provide legal assistance to students, intensification of the processes of legal self-education of the future maritime workers' personality are required.
communicative function of the legal culture ensures communication of citizens in the legal environment. Legal communication acts as a form of interpersonal interaction, being actual in the context of solving professional legal problems by representatives of different languages and cultures (for example, international ship crew). Mastering this function allows determining the relation to the legal cultural heritage as well as other types of modern legal culture; prognostic function of the legal culture covers law-making and implementation of law, problems of strengthening law and order, ensuring the lawful behavior of citizens, their civic activity, etc. The prognostic function involves analyzing trends that are inherent in the entire legal system. For the purposeful formation of the legal culture of students, we expect to use the requirements of the following methodological approaches: cultural, competency, systematic, personal-oriented, axiological and activity-oriented. Let's consider each of them briefly.
Cultural approach provides the process of formation of the legal culture of students through the active development of its basic elements: legal knowledge, skills, values, development of certain views and beliefs. The principle of the cultural approach is to study the spirituality of the individual in the context of its cultural existence, harmonization of the spiritual world of the individual in the process of mastering the existing cultural programs. The benefit of a cultural approach for the formation of the legal culture of future maritime workers is the ability to study the legal problems of the maritime industry in a complex way, in connection with many factors and phenomena.
Competency approach reflects the training content of future qualified maritime workers. The content is not limited to a knowledge-oriented component, but involves the acquisition of holistic experience in solving life problems, the fulfillment of key functions, social roles, the identification of competencies. The basis for implementing a competency approach is the use of pedagogical technologies or techniques that guarantee the achievement of the intended educational outcomes (Luzan, 2018). Competency methodology is designed to align education and labor market requirements, eliminate the contradictions between educational and professional activities in today's multifactorial market and economic space.
Systematic approach is the only general scientific methodology that treats the objects under research as a system. Structurally, the system of legal culture formation combines the aims, content, forms, methods, means of legal education, pedagogical activity of the teacher, educational and cognitive activity of students and the control of the results of professional and legal training of future qualified maritime workers. It is the systematic approach that allows to unite the given components of the educational process and ensure the integrity of the phenomenon development.
Personal-oriented approach provides freedom to choose the content of professional legal education in order to meet the educational, spiritual, cultural and vital needs of the student's personality, the possibility of self-organization in the cultural and educational environment. The methodology of this approach allows considering the professional and legal training of students as a planned, continuous, specially organized pedagogical process aimed at the development and self-development of the personality of future maritime workers taking into account their interests, abilities, individual characteristics.
Axiological approach is aimed at acquiring the meaning of the future qualified maritime workers' activities within the society and culture. According to this approach, legal culture should be seen as a system of legal values that are made in the process of social development and contain the foremost achievements of the legal culture of the mankind. In this case, legal awareness, legal activity, preference for legal or non-legal procedures, recognition or non-recognition of the value of the rights is given as the main indicators of the legal culture formation.
Activity-oriented approach in the legal culture formation of future qualified maritime workers directs pedagogical cooperation to the development of forms of professional and legal activity of students. Psychologists have shown that the full development of personality (cognitive, emotional-value, volitional area, personal qualities) is possible only if the person is involved in the activity being its subject, but not only an object of the external influence. In the context of this study, the activity-oriented approach asserts the idea of the formative and developmental purpose of the activity, the idea of modeling the legal situations while training.
This methodology of the formation of the legal culture of future qualified maritime workers is implemented using certain principles. Theoretical analysis of the problem, the results of experimental work allowed us to distinguish the following general principles of the formation of the legal culture of students: scientific content and teaching methods; humanization of the educational process; continuity of development; dynamism; systematic and consistent learning; modularity of training; development of educational and legal environment; conscious and active learning; combination of theory and practice; modeling of legal activity in the educational process, etc.
The specific principles of the formation of the integrative personal quality under research include the following norms: cultural correspondence; unity of the general and legal culture; designing the individual trajectory of legal culture development; universal education; state-legal approach; axiological nature; social and legal service; involvement in social, legal education and human rights activities; unity of rights and responsibilities; legal self-reliance; value-oriented directivity; organization of legal self-education and self-development; comprehensiveness; problem-based principle; national orientation; multicul-turalism; legal and regulatory framework, etc.
The subjective component of the model brings together pedagogical engagement participants (students and pedagogical staff) to purposefully formulate the sufficient levels of legal culture for future qualified maritime workers. The professional legal training is considered as a system. The centre of the system is the subjects of the educational process, and all the other components are the conditions, means of achieving the aim.
The realization of the aim and tasks of the formation of the levels of legal culture of future qualified maritime workers is carried out in three consecutive stages: diagnostic, activity-technological and reflexive-corrective.
Functionally, these stages are reflected in the substantive-technological component of the model as a set of methods of acquiring the legal material (narration, explanation, conversation, discussion, persuasion, moral encouragement, competitions, exercises that can be explanatory-illustrative, reproductive or problematic), forms of professional legal training (problem lesson, independent performance of creative tasks, simulation and game classes, electives, practice, research work, legal competitions, quizzes, excursions, meetings with employees of the shipyard) and the appropriate means, the main elements of which are the word, image and activities (textbooks, manuals on legal disciplines, stands, posters, individual training assignments, educational information resources, other means of IT technologies, and others.).
In accordance with the given model, the methods, forms and means of professional legal training are carried out at the stages of technology of educational design, technology of problem-developmental training, imitation-game training, case technology, etc. The choice of methods, forms, technologies of professional and legal training of future qualified maritime workers in the study is determined by the following basic pedagogical conditions: purposeful formation of the students' need for professional legal knowledge; the use of innovative pedagogical technologies in the professional training of the maritime workers; introduction into the educational process of the elective course "Legal culture of the modern sailor"; organization of the productive self-educational cognitive-legal activity of students.
The development and further effective implementation of the model of formation of the legal culture of future maritime workers are possible only on the basis of specific content. The content of the formation of the legal culture of future qualified maritime workers is the combination of legal and professional knowledge, skills, values and ideals, norms of behavior, elements of the material and moral constituent of the society, which are aimed at the formation of the legal culture and are subject to the transformation into the inner world. In our opinion, the content of the formation of the legal culture is a systematic component of the developed model. It can be used to clearly control the process and result of the formation of the legal culture.
The forth, diagnostic and effective component of the model consists of criteria, indicators, levels of legal culture formation and projected output. This component is based on the assumption that subject to the holistic implementation of the developed methodology, the achieved results will meet certain criteria for assessing the levels of legal culture of future qualified maritime workers. In turn, diagnostic results should empirically confirm the correctness of theoretical approaches to the formation of the students' legal culture.
Conclusions. The suggested model is an ideal representation of the process of formation of the legal culture of future qualified maritime workers. It provides the consistent implementation of the stages of pedagogical interaction, and provides the achievement of activity levels of formation of the studied phenomenon in case of applying the methodological principles (approaches, principles, conditions) using the proposed methodological tools.
The prospects for further scientific research are related to the experimental verification of the methodology of implementing the model of the formation of the legal culture of future qualified maritime workers in the institutions of professional (vocational and technical) education of the marine profile.