Abstract and manuscript structure

ABSTRACT

The abstract should concisely and coherently reflect the core content of the manuscript and include the following mandatory elements:

Relevance. Outline the research problem within a global scholarly context and identify existing theoretical or practical gaps.
Purpose. Clearly state the objective(s) the study seeks to achieve.
Methods. Describe the research design, sample characteristics, instruments, and data analysis methods necessary to ensure the reproducibility of the results.
Results. Present the key empirical or theoretical findings, including specific facts, numerical indicators, identified relationships, and correlations.
Conclusions. Substantiate the significance of the findings for both theory and educational practice.
Keywords. Provide at least three relevant terms that do not duplicate words used in the article title.

(4,000–7,000 words, excluding the abstract and references)

Section	Length (%)	Key Requirements
Introduction	10%	Substantiation of the relevance of the topic, formulation of the research problem, and identification of the aim and objectives of the study.
Sources (Literature Review)	5%	Analysis of scholarly sources in a global context; for applied studies, at least 50% of the references should be indexed in Scopus or Web of Science; identification of under‑researched aspects of the problem.
Research Aim	5%	Clear formulation of the aim using academic action verbs (analysed, developed, identified); logically substantiated hypotheses (where applicable).
Methodology	10%	Description of research methods and procedures, sample characteristics, and research instruments; mathematical formulas for quantitative studies.
Results and Discussion	60%	Presentation of research findings; 3–5 relevant visualisations; comparative analysis; interpretation of results and discussion of research limitations.
Conclusions	10%	Generalisation of findings, their theoretical and practical significance, specific recommendations, and directions for further research.